{"id":5234,"date":"2026-01-12T06:55:40","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T06:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/?p=5234"},"modified":"2026-01-12T07:35:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T07:35:17","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b7-%d9%85%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/news\/wall-mounted-lithium-battery-vs-rack-battery\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5234\" class=\"elementor elementor-5234\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1184bdc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1184bdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a2121d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a2121d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (ESS) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IEA)<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 (NREL)<\/a>\u2014installers are increasingly choosing between two dominant formats:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 LiFePO\u2084 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (DOE)<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p><p>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong>-\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 - \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639.<\/p><hr \/><h2>1. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h2><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5239\" src=\"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-scaled.png\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-2048x1143.png 2048w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1768201847002-019bb10a-3ffb-7823-84b6-84338ac04e13-600x335.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p><h3>1.1 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u061f<\/h3><p>A\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/p><ul><li>A\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 (\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a - \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643)<\/li><li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645\u00a0<strong>\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 5-15 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/li><li>\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>, \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/li><li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/li><\/ul><p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 NREL \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629<\/a>, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p><h3>1.2 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/h3><p>A\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646:<\/p><ul><li>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 3-5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627)<\/li><li>A\u00a0<strong>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 19 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (C&amp;I)<\/li><li>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p><h3>1.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/h3><p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a 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rel=\"noopener\">energy.gov<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nrel.gov<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (BMS)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\/\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c CAN\u060c RS485\u060c RS485\u060c Modbus) \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>UL 9540<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 UL<\/a>-\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>NFPA 70 (NEC)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<strong>NFPA 855<\/strong>, \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 (NFPA)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>.<\/p><hr \/><h2>2. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h2><h3>2.1 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/h3><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<ul><li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/li><li>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li><li>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>, \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>, \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3><p>\u0625\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (OSHA)<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h3><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>, \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b:<ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0629<\/li><li>\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u201c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f:<ul><li>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li><li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 NFPA \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a:<ul><li>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><br \/>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 C&amp;I \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u00a0<strong>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/strong>.<\/p><hr \/><h3>2.4 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/h3><p>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 NREL \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/li><li>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<ul><li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 U<\/li><li>\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 (\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><br \/>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15-20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641<\/strong>.<\/p><hr \/><h3>2.5 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/h3><p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>NFPA 855 (\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<strong>NFPA 70 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a)<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NFPA<\/a>. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>UL 9540<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 UL<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong>, \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a NEC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640 ESS (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 ESS \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><br \/>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 - \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643,\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p><hr \/><h3>2.6 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/h3><p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u201c\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639.<\/li><li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u201c\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3><p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632.<\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 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\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h2><h3>3.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/h3><ul><li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 15-20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/strong><ul><li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/h3><ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><ul><li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/strong><ul><li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h2>4. \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641: \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h2><h3>4.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/h3><ul><li><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><ul><li>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 4.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/h3><ul><li><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong><ul><li>\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong><ul><li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h2>5. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/h2><h3>5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/h3><ul><li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a:\u00a0<strong>5-15 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c 1-2 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627:<ul><li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/li><li>\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641<\/li><li>\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 (\u201c\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u201d)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><h3>5.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0645\u0629<\/h3><ul><li>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629).<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<strong>20-40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/strong>, \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 NFPA \u0648 UL.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u201c\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/li><\/ul><h3>5.3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/h3><ul><li>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629:\u00a0<strong>20-100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<ul><li>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 80 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/li><li>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00a0<strong>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0640\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p><h3>5.4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a C&amp;I<\/h3><ul><li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 NFPA 855 \u0648 UL 9540 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NFPA<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UL<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:<ul><li>\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p><h3>5.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/h3><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c 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\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/li><li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong>. \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p><hr \/><h2>6. \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/h2><h3>6.1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h3><p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u00a0<strong>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0(\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a NFPA \u0648 NEC.<\/li><li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>, \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 X (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646).<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 Y (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c 20-40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/li><li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>7.2 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/h3><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0640\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>, \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<ul><li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><h3>7.3 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/h3><p>\u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646:<\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NREL<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h2>8. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2><h3>8.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/li><li><strong>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 (IRENA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iea.org<\/a>.<\/p><h3>8.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><h3>8.3 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h3><ul><li>\u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<ul><li>\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a NFPA 855).<\/li><li>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NFPA<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UL<\/a>, \u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h2>9. \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u061f<\/h2><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><h3>9.1 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3><ol><li><p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)\u061f<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/li><li><blockquote><p>20-30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u2192 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/li><li>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u2192 \u0631\u0641.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2192 \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u2192 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h3>9.2 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a &lt;15-20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a C&amp;I \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li><li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20-30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/li><li>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h2>10. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628,\u00a0<strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u201d<\/strong>. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a:<\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a:<\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li><li>\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 - \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NFPA<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UL<\/a>, \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-210b1c70 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"210b1c70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c78170c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c78170c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167810ec elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"167810ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 facebook\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 linkedin\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_telegram\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 telegram\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-telegram\" viewbox=\"0 0 496 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm121.8 169.9l-40.7 191.8c-3 13.6-11.1 16.9-22.4 10.5l-62-45.7-29.9 28.8c-3.3 3.3-6.1 6.1-12.5 6.1l4.4-63.1 114.9-103.8c5-4.4-1.1-6.9-7.7-2.5l-142 89.4-61.2-19.1c-13.3-4.2-13.6-13.3 2.8-19.7l239.1-92.2c11.1-4 20.8 2.7 17.2 19.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 whatsapp\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-whatsapp\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 1.4-32.6-16.3-54-29.1-75.5-66-5.7-9.8 5.7-9.1 16.3-30.3 1.8-3.7.9-6.9-.5-9.7-1.4-2.8-12.5-30.1-17.1-41.2-4.5-10.8-9.1-9.3-12.5-9.5-3.2-.2-6.9-.2-10.6-.2-3.7 0-9.7 1.4-14.8 6.9-5.1 5.6-19.4 19-19.4 46.3 0 27.3 19.9 53.7 22.6 57.4 2.8 3.7 39.1 59.7 94.8 83.8 35.2 15.2 49 16.5 66.6 13.9 10.7-1.6 32.8-13.4 37.4-26.4 4.6-13 4.6-24.1 3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_x-twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 x-twitter\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-x-twitter\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_xing\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 xing\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-xing\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M162.7 210c-1.8 3.3-25.2 44.4-70.1 123.5-4.9 8.3-10.8 12.5-17.7 12.5H9.8c-7.7 0-12.1-7.5-8.5-14.4l69-121.3c.2 0 .2-.1 0-.3l-43.9-75.6c-4.3-7.8.3-14.1 8.5-14.1H100c7.3 0 13.3 4.1 18 12.2l44.7 77.5zM382.6 46.1l-144 253v.3L330.2 466c3.9 7.1.2 14.1-8.5 14.1h-65.2c-7.6 0-13.6-4-18-12.2l-92.4-168.5c3.3-5.8 51.5-90.8 144.8-255.2 4.6-8.1 10.4-12.2 17.5-12.2h65.7c8 0 12.3 6.7 8.5 14.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-664d5ed e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"664d5ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cff251 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2cff251\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f68cf1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22f68cf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e2e8f6 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"50e2e8f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Gemini_Generated_Image_7vc5vh7vc5vh7vc5-1024x559.avif);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Gemini_Gemini_Generated_Image_7vc5vh7vc5vh7vc5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u061f\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635. \u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (ESS) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 - \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IEA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 (NREL) - \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5234"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5244,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5234\/revisions\/5244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiensolar.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5234"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 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